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1.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 156(4): 270-275, Jul.-Aug. 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249910

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Influenza virus infection is often complicated by a bacterial infection, with this coinfection causing severe pneumonia. If not timely treated, the disease can cause death. Objective: To demonstrate, in animal models, that coinfection with influenza virus and bacteria that affect the respiratory tract causes multisystemic damage. Method: Six groups of mice were formed: a control group, one infected with the influenza virus, two infected with bacteria: Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, respectively; and two co-infected with influenza virus and Haemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae, respectively. Results: Of the six groups of mice, only the group co-infected with influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae showed damage to thoracic and abdominal organs. A decrease in serum cytokine levels was found in all study groups, which was more pronounced in the co-infected mice. Conclusions: The groups of mice infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae or influenza virus alone showed no damage, which indicates that coexistence of these infections caused the damage in the group of co-infected mice.


Resumen Antecedentes: La infección por el virus de la influenza con frecuencia se complica con una infección bacteriana, coinfección que provoca cuadros graves de neumonía, la cual puede ocasionar la muerte si no es tratada en forma oportuna. Objetivo: Demostrar en modelos animales que la coinfección por el virus de la influenza y bacterias que afectan el tracto respiratorio ocasiona daño multisistémico. Método: Se formaron seis grupos de ratones: un grupo control, uno infectado de virus de la influenza, dos infectados de bacterias: Haemophilus influenzae y Streptococcus pneumoniae, respectivamente; y dos coinfectados de virus de la influenza y Haemophilus influenzae y Streptococcus pneumoniae, respectivamente. Resultados: De los seis grupos de ratones, solo en el grupo coinfectado de virus de la influenza y Streptococcus pneumoniae se observó daño en órganos torácicos y abdominales. En todos los grupos se encontró disminución de los niveles séricos de las citocinas, mayor en los ratones coinfectados. Conclusiones: Los grupos de ratones infectados solo de Streptococcus pneumoniae o el virus de la influenza no presentaron daños, lo cual indica que la coexistencia de estas infecciones fue la que ocasionó el daño en el grupo de ratones coinfectados.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Pneumococcal Infections/physiopathology , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/physiopathology , Haemophilus Infections/physiopathology , Pneumococcal Infections/microbiology , Pneumonia/physiopathology , Pneumonia/microbiology , Pneumonia/virology , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Cytokines/blood , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology , Disease Models, Animal , Coinfection/physiopathology , Haemophilus Infections/microbiology , Mice, Inbred BALB C
2.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 104(3): 492-496, May 2009.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-517015

ABSTRACT

Histoplasma capsulatum is an intracellular fungal pathogen that causes respiratory and systemic disease by proliferating within phagocytic cells. The binding of H. capsulatum to phagocytes may be mediated by the pathogen's cell wall carbohydrates, glucans, which consist of glucose homo and hetero-polymers and whose glycosydic linkage types differ between the yeast and mycelial phases. The ±-1,3-glucan is considered relevant for H. capsulatum virulence, whereas the ²-1,3-glucan is antigenic and participates in the modulation of the host immune response. H. capsulatum cell wall components with lectin-like activity seem to interact with the host cell surface, while host membrane lectin-like receptors can recognize a particular fungal carbohydrate ligand. This review emphasizes the relevance of the main H. capsulatum and host carbohydrate-driven interactions that allow for binding and internalization of the fungal cell into phagocytes and its subsequent avoidance of intracellular elimination.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Carbohydrates/immunology , Cell Wall/chemistry , Histoplasma/chemistry , Histoplasmosis/immunology , Cell Wall/immunology , Host-Parasite Interactions , Histoplasma/pathogenicity , Histoplasma/physiology , Immunologic Factors/immunology
3.
Bol. chil. parasitol ; 52(3/4): 47-50, dic. 1997. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-210464

ABSTRACT

Although Toxocara canis life cycle is known, other possible mechanisms dynamically involved in its transmission to man are still ignored. The object of the present investigation was to search the occurrence of Toxocara sp. eggs in vegetables which humans consume. Five hundred and thirty six vegetables from a supply distribution center in Mexico City (Distrito Federal) were examined. Those included 212 carrots, 76 potatoes, 31 radishes, 22 mushrooms, 27 lettuces, 20 sweet potatoes and 66 bundles of spinaches, 32 bundles of salt-worts, 29 bundles of coriander, and 21 bundles of purslane. Each unit or bundle was @ashed with 50 ml of sterilized water, allowing sedimentation at room temperatura for 8 hours. Five ml of sediment were centrifugated at 3,000 r.p.m. for 5 minutes. Sediment was examined in lugol stained fresh plates through light microscopy, which tumed to be Toxocara sp. eggs were found only in two vegetables: 1.9 percent of car-rots and 6.5 percent of radishes. Toxocara sp. eggs were: 66.7 percent recently emitted and 33.3 percent embryonated. Other parasite elements were: Ascaris lumbricoides eggs 1.9 percent in carrots, 2.6 percent in potatoes, 9. 1 percent in mushrooms, 6.9 percent in corianders, 20.0 percent in sweet potatoes and 6. 1 percent in spinachs. Entamoeba histolytica cyts were found in 0.9 percent of carrots. Soil contamination with Toxocara sp. eggs from parasitized dogs or cats, or with either sewage systems or contaminated water where vegetables for human consumption are grown, play a role as a transmission mechanism must be deeperly studied since 33.3 percent of Toxocara sp. eggs found contained larvae, potentially infective to man


Subject(s)
Food Parasitology , Toxocara/pathogenicity , Vegetables , Mexico , Parasite Egg Count , Environmental Pollution , Toxocara/parasitology , Toxocariasis/transmission
4.
Rev. Inst. Nac. Enfermedades Respir ; 10(1): 7-12, ene.-mar. 1997. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-195868

ABSTRACT

Las cadherinas son una familia de moléculas de adhesión que permiten la asociación homofílica entre las células, manteniendo así la integridad del tejido. En los cánceres, se considera que como prerrequisito para que las células epiteliales malignas invaden el tejido cercano y lleven a cabo la metástasis, se requiere que se disocien fácilmente del resto de las otras células tumorales que forman parte del crecimiento primario y a la vez, que se vea incrementada su movilidad celular. Dichos eventos son favorecidos por la pérdida de la expresión de la E-cadherina. Ya que existe información muy limitada sobre la E-cadherina en cáncer de pulmón, nuestro grupo decidió determinar y comparar la expresión de esta molécula en distintas líneas celulares que representan a los diversos tipos histológicos de cáncer pulmonar. De manera normal, la E-cdherina se encuentra localizada en el borde lateral de las células epiteliales, lo que genera un patrón de tinción continuo. Nuestros resultados indican que todas las líneas celulares empleadas muestran una expresión alterada de la E-cadherina. Las líneas celulares tipo adenocarcinoma presentan una distribución en toda su superficie así como una gran disminución en la expresión de esta molécula. Las líneas celulares tipo carcinoma epidermoide presentan una menor alteración de la E-cadherina, ya que en algunas zonas celulares se pudo observar un ligero patrón lineal que se encascaraba debido a que también existe una distribución de esta molécula en toda la superficie celular. En cambio, las líneas celulares de carcinoma de células pequeñas no expresaron la E-cadherina. Estos resultados sugieren que la transformación maligna genera una alteración en la expresión de la E-cadherina, la cual se encuentra reducida y desorganizada en los carcinomas epidermoides, dicha alteración es mucho más marcada en los adenocarcinomas, mientras que la molécula está ausente en los carcinomas de células pequeñas. Este comportamiento pudiera asociarse al incremento en el potencial agresivo observado en estas neoplasias pulmonares.


Subject(s)
Cadherins , Carcinoma , Cell Adhesion Molecules , Immunohistochemistry , Lung Neoplasms
5.
Bol. chil. parasitol ; 51(3/4): 54-8, jul.-dic. 1996. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-189289

ABSTRACT

Due to the high number of stray dogs and cats which defecate in public places in Mexico city (3 millions approximately), in addition to domestic dogs and cats, exists the potential risk to man of infection by toxocara sp eggs. A study to determine the contamination frequency by toxocara sp eggs in public parks, public flower beds, and home gardens in Mexico City, Distrito Federal, was carried out in the 1995 first semester. Fourteen hundred and five soil samples were collected from 156 public parks, 83 public flower beds and 42 home gardens across the 16 delegations in Mexico City, Distrito Federal. Samples were processed by the zinc sulfate centrifugal flotation method, and supernatants read by microscopy. Out of the whole 281 sampled sites, 12,5 percent were found contaminated with toxocara sp eggs. Positivity found was: 10,9 percent in public parks, 13,3 percent in public flower beds and 16,7 in home gardens. Ninety percent of the eggs were embryonated or larvaeted measuring 60 to 90 micrometers. The high contamination frecuencies found make necessary to prompt for public health measures granted the risk of infection acquisition spread on the most exposed population (children) provided that it is acquired via geophagia.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Dogs , Cats/parasitology , Dogs/parasitology , Environmental Pollution , Toxocara/isolation & purification , Feces/parasitology , Housing , Mexico/epidemiology , Parks, Recreational , Parasite Egg Count , Risk Factors , Toxocara/pathogenicity
6.
Acta pediátr. Méx ; 16(3): 131-4, mayo-jun. 1995. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-173801

ABSTRACT

En el presente trabajo, se revisa la literatura y se presenta un caso pediátrico de gastroenteritis por Enterocytozoon bieneusi en un paciente del sexo femenino de 14 meses de edad, sin historia clínica significativa, excepto desnutrición. La paciente fue estudiada por el Servicio de Parasitología del Hospital Pediátrico de Iztacalco, de la Ciudad de México, debido a un cuadro de diarrea crónica. En las muestras fecales de la paciente, se pudo identificar, mediante microscopia de luz, de microscopia de contraste interferencia diferencial según Nomarski, usando tinciones de Ziehl Neelsen modificado y Giemsa, La presencia de esporas de E. bieneusi. La presencia de otros parásitos como helmintos, protozoos, levaduras y bacterias enteropatégenas fueron excluidas mediante examen directo en fresco de materia fecal y coprocultivo


Subject(s)
Infant , Humans , Female , Amikacin/administration & dosage , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/therapeutic use , Diarrhea, Infantile/etiology , Gastroenteritis/physiopathology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis , Intestine, Small/parasitology , Microscopy , Microsporida/pathogenicity , Microsporidiosis/parasitology , Opportunistic Infections/etiology , Spores, Bacterial/isolation & purification , Staining and Labeling/statistics & numerical data
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